A hacksaw is a tool used for cutting metal and other material such as wood, plastic, etc. There are many types of hacksaw vary in weight and uses. Examples are: Deep-throat hacksaw which is used to cut the width of pipes.

The hacksaw consists of 5 parts:

1. The handle is a metal arc which is attached to a narrow disposable blade.

2. The frame is used to connect the handle and the blade.

3. The blade is interchangeable and consists of 18 to 32 teeth. It can cut the hard and tougher material.

4. The pin is used to preserve the alignment when tension is put on it.

5. The sleeve is used to prevent the anchorage from turning.

How to use?

· Firstly, grip the handle tightly.

· Secondly, put the blade on the area which is going to be cut. Put the blade perpendicular (90 ˚ angle) on the object.

· Thirdly, push and pull the hacksaw repeatedly to cut the object.

· Finally, repeat the third step until the object is completely cut into half.

Claw Hammer




Definition,
- A commonly used tool, either at home or workshop.
- A hammer with a cleft at the end (claw).
- Used for hammering and pulling nails.

Parts and function,
Two main parts; Head and Handle.

1) Head (made of metal)
- Face – to hammer nails.
- Claw – to extract nails.
- Neck – where the head and the handle is connected.

2) Handle (made of wood (common) or fiberglass/steel)
- To hold the hammer

How to use Claw hammer?

• How to use the Claw?


1) First, grab a claw hammer, hold the handle upright.
2) Force the claw under the nail’s head and start extracting.
3) To protect the surface, put a putty knife or scraper blade.
4) After the nail is extracted half way, put a block of wood under the head of the hammer to increase the leverage.

• How to use the Face?

1) First grab a claw hammer, hold the handle upright.
2) Hold a nail with other hand onto workpiece.
3) Hit the nail’s base with the hammer’s head.
4) Once the nail is half way deep, remove your hand and hammer the nail until it is completely through.

Scriber

Definition: A simply sharply pointed tool used for making lines on metal. This is used instead of pencils as the marks from pencils cannot be seen as clearly as scriber marks

Made of: Metal (silver steel)

Types:

1. Machinist's scriber


2. Tungsten carbide scriber


3. Pocket scriber
   

Main parts: 2 parts:-

1. The handle


2. The pointer

Description of each parts:-

The handle: It is used to hold and move the tool. nickel plated.

The Pointer: It is used for making lines on the work piece. Silver steel pin.

How to use?

• Place a steel rule straight edge on the work beside the line to be scribed.


• Use the fingertips of one hand to hold the rule in position and hold the line by drawing the scriber salong the edge of rule, at a 45 degree angle and tipped outward slightly in the direction it is being moved.

Group:

Nurliyana Halim and Abdul Afiq Junaidi of PNDICE.

Labels: Descriptions♥, scriber

• Internal dimensions (in inches) using the uppermost jaws.

• External dimensions (in metric) using the lower jaws.

It is made up of stainless steel.

Vernier calipers is commonly used in industry provide a precision to a hundreth of milimeter (10 micrometers), or one thousandth of an inch more precise instrument used for the same purpose is the micrometer.

1. Outside jaws: used to measure external diameter or width of an object.

2. Inside jaws: used to measure internal diameter of an object.

3. Depth probe: used to measure depths of an object or a hole.

4. Main scale: gives measurements of up to one decimal place(in cm).

5. Main scale: gives measurements in fraction(in inch).

6. Vernier gives measurements up to two decimal places(in cm).

7. Vernier gives measurements in fraction(in inch).

8. Retainer: used to block movable part to allow the easy transferring a measurement.

>>THE INSTRUCTION ON USE<<

• The Vernier caliper is an extremely precise measuring instrument; the reading error is 1/20 mm = 0.05 mm.
• Close the jaws lightly on the object to be measured.
• If you are measuring something with a round cross section, make sure that the axis of the object is perpendicular to the caliper. This is necessary to ensure that you are measuring the full diameter and not merely a chord.
• Ignore the top scale, which is calibrated in inches.
• Use the bottom scale, which is in metric units.
• Notice that there is a fixed scale and a sliding scale.
• The boldface numbers on the fixed scale are centimeters.
• The tick marks on the fixed scale between the boldface numbers are millimeters.
• There are ten tick marks on the sliding scale. The left-most tick mark on the sliding scale will let you read from the fixed scale the number of whole millimeters that the jaws are opened.
  
  
  
• In the example above, the leftmost tick mark on the sliding scale is between 21 mm and 22 mm, so the number of whole millimeters is 21.
• Next we find the tenths of millimeters. Notice that the ten tick marks on the sliding scale are the same width as nine ticks marks on the fixed scale. This means that at most one of the tick marks on the sliding scale will align with a tick mark on the fixed scale; the others will miss.
• The number of the aligned tick mark on the sliding scale tells you the number of tenths of millimeters. In the example above, the 3rd tick mark on the sliding scale is in coincidence with the one above it, so the caliper reading is (21.30 ± 0.05) mm.
• If two adjacent tick marks on the sliding scale look equally aligned with their counterparts on the fixed scale, then the reading is half way between the two marks. In the example above, if the 3rd and 4th tick marks on the sliding scale looked to be equally aligned, then the reading would be (21.35 ± 0.05) mm.
• On those rare occasions when the reading just happens to be a "nice" number like 2 cm, don't forget to include the zero decimal places showing the precision of the measurement and the reading error. So not 2 cm, but rather (2.000 ± 0.005) cm or (20.00 ± 0.05) mm.

*Since the instruction for this instrument is quite long to elaborate, you might have a problem in understanding it so i suggest that you click to the links that i have mentioned below. Plus, it's more easier for you to understand because there's a demonstrations been played there..okay?*

(Don't be so lazy to click on it guys!!it won't take you an hour to do it!HAH!)

You can click to the link below:

Click and

Click

Ok..i think that's all for now..if you have any questions regarding on this descriptions..please don't be hesitate to confront me or Faiz. Okay?

I'm sleepy..time for bed♥
Goodnight & Sweetdreams Eyespotters♥

Compiled by:
♥Venney S.S ♥
&
♥M.Faiz M.A ♥

Labels: Descriptions♥

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